Book title: Action research Principles and Practice
Author : Jean Mcniff
Year of published:1988
Publisher: Macmillan Education Ltd
This book is consist of three parts. Parts i gives the background and explanations for action research meanwhile part ii shows the practicalities by giving the detail of actual action research projects. Part iii outlines some of the implications for teachers who embark on an action research project
The concept of action research.
According to this book action research is the name given to an increasingly popular movement in educational research. It can encourages a teacher to be reflective of their own practice in order to enhance the quality of education that give the benefit to both teachers and pupils. Action research is an educational research where by the teacher can create the shape of educationist thinking and determines the policy as well. This book suggested that the action research can encouragse teachers to investigate their own practice and put some evidence to show their improvement about present practice and be able to describe their action to this situation.
Why teacher need to do the action research.
According to the author, teachers may benefit considerably by taking a close, critical look at their own practice by do the action research. Its the way forward for teachers to gain personally and professionally. Teacher can improved the teaching method by created the new concept and explanations so that the student have more active and like to learn what we teach. Action research actually encourage teachers to investigate their own practice and put some evidence to show their improvement about the present practice and be able to gain the teaching skill and use new technique in classroom. Besides that, by doing the action research teachers can improve the classroom management and built up the close contact with the students so that we will know the students closely.
The design of Action Research
The author of this book use the exploring and solving as the design of action research. The element included in this design consist of clarify the issues, designation of formula to be use, interpretation and analyzation of data collected, contribution of the use of statistic-based and theory, testing the practice, discuss the result, published the results and presented to public. The theory that being use consist of Kurt Lewin, Lawrence Stenhouse and stephen Kemmis theory which included observe,reflect, plan,act and recycle until the improvement are achieved.
Data collection and analysis
The author use the term of 'making sense of the data'. There are consist of planning, practicalities and implication.
Planning
Begins with a sense of dissatisfaction with present practice by address 6 critical question:
This section aims to point out a common-sense procedure for starting action research study.The flow of practicalities consist of:
For this part, the author stated that more prepared for:
For data collections, the author use:
Analyzing data is to do with making sense of what is going on in real life through discussion of criteria and area of concern.
Syntesising the data
Synthesizing the data means putting it all together and stress the need for careful validation. Data being collected and
The author state here the action research step consist of identify a problem when some of educational values are denied in practice, then imagine a solution to the problem, implement the solution, evaluate the outcome and lastly modify the solution in the light of the evaluation until the improvement achieved.
Action Research ethique
In this book, the ethical of action research can be show during the designing the action research project, observation and clarify the issues, finding of social issue by communicated each other, tolerant each other during the discussion , accept the others point of view and the variety of ideas that put together in the process. Other than that, ethical behavior of researcher also being show in this book where by respect for person raise a difficulties in order to complete the plan and action for research.
Validity of Action Research
For this book, the author state the validity of research when the people involved agree together that these theories are justified. This book claimed the validity of research because all the problems associated with all kind of research and established the knowledge. So this book showed the validity of action research and useful to the findings and practice.
The reason why this book can be use as a reference book.
After read and analyze this book, i realized that this book is rich of information that the researcher need in order to make an action research for improving the teaching and learning process in classroom. The author also explains all the best theory that can be use in teaching and learning process where by the teacher can improved their skill. Besides that, the author also show the study case that can be use as the references and i more understand about the action research and the process involved in the action research. This book also stated the important and why the teachers need to do the action research. All the theory and model that can be use in undergo the action research also being showed in this book and he explains each detail of model.
Overall view of the book
After read this book, i become more understand what is action research and why,where,how to do the action research. I also know the cycle of action research and this book me a lot of information about the action research in education by provided the case study, models and theories that can be use to gain the knowledge of action research and the way to undergo the action research.
Author : Jean Mcniff
Year of published:1988
Publisher: Macmillan Education Ltd
This book is consist of three parts. Parts i gives the background and explanations for action research meanwhile part ii shows the practicalities by giving the detail of actual action research projects. Part iii outlines some of the implications for teachers who embark on an action research project
The concept of action research.
According to this book action research is the name given to an increasingly popular movement in educational research. It can encourages a teacher to be reflective of their own practice in order to enhance the quality of education that give the benefit to both teachers and pupils. Action research is an educational research where by the teacher can create the shape of educationist thinking and determines the policy as well. This book suggested that the action research can encouragse teachers to investigate their own practice and put some evidence to show their improvement about present practice and be able to describe their action to this situation.
Why teacher need to do the action research.
According to the author, teachers may benefit considerably by taking a close, critical look at their own practice by do the action research. Its the way forward for teachers to gain personally and professionally. Teacher can improved the teaching method by created the new concept and explanations so that the student have more active and like to learn what we teach. Action research actually encourage teachers to investigate their own practice and put some evidence to show their improvement about the present practice and be able to gain the teaching skill and use new technique in classroom. Besides that, by doing the action research teachers can improve the classroom management and built up the close contact with the students so that we will know the students closely.
The design of Action Research
The author of this book use the exploring and solving as the design of action research. The element included in this design consist of clarify the issues, designation of formula to be use, interpretation and analyzation of data collected, contribution of the use of statistic-based and theory, testing the practice, discuss the result, published the results and presented to public. The theory that being use consist of Kurt Lewin, Lawrence Stenhouse and stephen Kemmis theory which included observe,reflect, plan,act and recycle until the improvement are achieved.
Data collection and analysis
The author use the term of 'making sense of the data'. There are consist of planning, practicalities and implication.
Planning
Begins with a sense of dissatisfaction with present practice by address 6 critical question:
- What is your concern?
- Why is your concerned?
- What do you think you could do about it?
- What kind of evidence could you collect to help you make some jugement about what is happening?
- how would you collect such evidence?
- How would you check that your judgment about what has happened is reasonably fair and accurate?
- Statement of problems
- Imaginations a solutions
- Implementing the solution
- Evaluating the solution
- Modification of practice
- Report on the validation group meeting
This section aims to point out a common-sense procedure for starting action research study.The flow of practicalities consist of:
- Start small
- Plan carefully by find the objective and specific problems.
- Set a realistic time scale
- Involved others means that involvement of people that will operate the problems and as a experimental and control method.
- Keep others informed
- Arranged for feedback
- Organize the writing schedule where is writing is a tool of thought.
For this part, the author stated that more prepared for:
- Thinking will change
- Mistake will happened
- Politics will intrude
For data collections, the author use:
- Paper and pen method by using personal field notes, pupils diaries, questionnaires.
- Live methods by using sociometric methods, interview and discussions
- Ostensive method by using slide/tape presentations, audiotaped interview and videotaping the action
Analyzing data is to do with making sense of what is going on in real life through discussion of criteria and area of concern.
Syntesising the data
Synthesizing the data means putting it all together and stress the need for careful validation. Data being collected and
The author state here the action research step consist of identify a problem when some of educational values are denied in practice, then imagine a solution to the problem, implement the solution, evaluate the outcome and lastly modify the solution in the light of the evaluation until the improvement achieved.
Action Research ethique
In this book, the ethical of action research can be show during the designing the action research project, observation and clarify the issues, finding of social issue by communicated each other, tolerant each other during the discussion , accept the others point of view and the variety of ideas that put together in the process. Other than that, ethical behavior of researcher also being show in this book where by respect for person raise a difficulties in order to complete the plan and action for research.
Validity of Action Research
For this book, the author state the validity of research when the people involved agree together that these theories are justified. This book claimed the validity of research because all the problems associated with all kind of research and established the knowledge. So this book showed the validity of action research and useful to the findings and practice.
The reason why this book can be use as a reference book.
After read and analyze this book, i realized that this book is rich of information that the researcher need in order to make an action research for improving the teaching and learning process in classroom. The author also explains all the best theory that can be use in teaching and learning process where by the teacher can improved their skill. Besides that, the author also show the study case that can be use as the references and i more understand about the action research and the process involved in the action research. This book also stated the important and why the teachers need to do the action research. All the theory and model that can be use in undergo the action research also being showed in this book and he explains each detail of model.
Overall view of the book
After read this book, i become more understand what is action research and why,where,how to do the action research. I also know the cycle of action research and this book me a lot of information about the action research in education by provided the case study, models and theories that can be use to gain the knowledge of action research and the way to undergo the action research.
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